1. Applicant's Name: a. Application Date: 17 October 2019 b. Date Received: 22 October 2019 c. Counsel: None 2. REQUEST, ISSUES, BOARD TYPE, AND DECISION: a. Applicant's Requests and Issues: The current characterization of service for the period under review is general (under honorable conditions). The applicant requests an upgrade to honorable. The applicant seeks relief contending, in effect, a past indiscretion was used to pursue a discharge. The command was informed about the applicant's issues but was overlooked due to deployment. The applicant contends there was honorable service. b. Board Type and Decision: In a records review conducted on 15 July 2022, and by a 5-0 vote, the Board determined the discharge is inequitable based on the applicant's PTSD outweighing the applicant's unaggravated DWI. Therefore, the Board voted to grant relief in the form of an upgrade of the characterization of service to Honorable and changed to the separation authority to AR 635-200, paragraph 14-12a, the narrative reason for separation to Misconduct (Minor Infractions), with a corresponding separation code of JKN. Please see Section 9 of this document for more detail regarding the Board's decision. (Board member names available upon request) 3. DISCHARGE DETAILS: a. Reason / Authority / Codes / Characterization: Misconduct (Serious Offense) / AR 635-200, Paragraph 14-12c / JKQ / RE-3 / General, (Under Honorable Conditions) b. Date of Discharge: 21 July 2014 c. Separation Facts: (1) Date of Notification of Intent to Separate: 30 June 2014 (2) Basis for Separation: The applicant was informed of the following reasons: The applicant operated a passenger vehicle while intoxicated on or about 19 October 2013. (3) Recommended Characterization: General (Under Honorable Conditions) (4) Legal Consultation Date: 2 July 2014 (5) Administrative Separation Board: Applicant waived appearance before an administrative separation board. (6) Separation Decision Date / Characterization: 9 July 2014 / General (Under Honorable Conditions) 4. SERVICE DETAILS: a. Date / Period of Enlistment: 1 April 2009 / 6 years b. Age at Enlistment / Education / GT Score: 17 / HS Graduate / 104 c. Highest Grade Achieved / MOS / Total Service: E-6 / 91D20, Power-Generation Equipment Operator / 13 years, 11 months, 23 days d. Prior Service / Characterizations: RA, 21 July 2000 - 31 March 2009 / HD e. Overseas Service / Combat Service: SWA / Egypt (25 September 2001 - 1 November 2001), Afghanistan (4 December 2002 - 6 May 2003), Iraq (11 December 2004 - 30 October 2005), Iraq (9 March 2009 - 20 February 2010), Afghanistan (10 January 2012 - 11 July 2012), Afghanistan (17 November 2013 - 12 May 2014) f. Awards and Decorations: ACM-CS-2, ICM-CS-2, DMSM, JSCM, ARCOM-4, AAM, MUC-2, AGCM-3, NDSM, GWOTSM, GWOTEM, NCOPDR-2, ASR, OSR-3, MOVSM, NATO MDL, Driver and Mechanic Badge-Mechanic g. Performance Ratings: October 2005 - June 2006 / Fully Capable 1 July 2007 - 30 June 2008 / Among The Best 1 July 2008 - 30 June 2009 / Fully Capable 1 July 2009 - 30 April 2010 / Among The Best 1 May 2010 - 31 October 2011 / Among The Best 1 February 2011 - 31 December 2011 / Among The Best 1 January 2012 - 10 July 2012 / Among The Best 11 July 2012 - 10 July 2013 / Fully Capable 1 December 2013 - 1 May 2014 / Marginal h. Disciplinary Action(s) / Evidentiary Record: GOMOR, dated 20 December 2007, reflects the applicant on 5 August 2007, a military police officer conducting gate security and identification checks detected a strong odor of an unknown alcoholic beverage emitting from the applicant's person and vehicle. A series of field sobriety tests were administered, which the applicant failed. The applicant was then administered an Intoxilyzer 5000 test which resulted in a 0.18 percent blood alcohol content. On 17 September 2007, the applicant was convicted of driving under the influence in U.S. District Court. FG Article 15, dated 3 September 2013, reflects the applicant dishonorably failed to pay a debt for rent in the amount of $22,000. The punishment consisted of reduction to sergeant/E-5. A Criminal Case Detail Search reflects the applicant pled guilty to driving while intoxicated. The punishment consisted of confinement in county jail for ten days, $500 fine, and court cost /fees. Military Police Report dated 5 August 2007, for driving under the influence on post and drinking underage. Developmental Counseling Forms for driving under the influence and involuntarily separation and initiation of separation proceedings. i. Lost Time / Mode of Return: AWOL (Civilian Confinement) x9 days, (7 December 2007 - 11 December 2007), (21 February 2014 - 23 February 2014) / Returned to Duty j. Diagnosed PTSD / TBI / Behavioral Health: None 5. APPLICANT-PROVIDED EVIDENCE: DD Form 293, DD Form 214, ERB, Character Reference-3 6. POST SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS: None submitted with the application. 7. STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND POLICY REFERENCE(S): a. Section 1553, Title 10, United States Code (Review of Discharge or Dismissal) provides for the creation, composition, and scope of review conducted by a Discharge Review Board(s) within established governing standards. As amended by Sections 521 and 525 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, 10 USC 1553 provides specific guidance to the Military Boards for Correction of Military/Naval Records and Discharge Review Boards when considering discharge upgrade requests by Veterans claiming Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), sexual trauma, intimate partner violence (IPV), or spousal abuse, as a basis for discharge review. The amended guidance provides that Boards will include, as a voting board member, a physician trained in mental health disorders, a clinical psychologist, or a psychiatrist when the discharge upgrade claim asserts a mental health condition, including PTSD, TBI, sexual trauma, IPV, or spousal abuse, as a basis for the discharge. Further, the guidance provides that Military Boards for Correction of Military/Naval Records and Discharge Review Boards will develop and provide specialized training specific to sexual trauma, IPV, spousal abuse, as well as the various responses of individuals to trauma. b. Multiple Department of Defense Policy Guidance Memoranda published between 2014 and 2018. The documents are commonly referred to by the signatory authorities' last names (2014 Secretary of Defense Guidance [Hagel memo], 2016 Acting Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness [Carson memo], 2017 Official Performing the Duties of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness [Kurta memo], and 2018 Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness [Wilkie memo]. (1) Individually and collectively, these documents provide further clarification to the Military Discharge Review Boards and Boards for Correction of Military/Naval Records when considering requests by Veterans for modification of their discharge due to mental health conditions, including PTSD; TBI; sexual assault; or sexual harassment. Liberal consideration will be given to Veterans petitioning for discharge relief when the application for relief is based in whole or in part on matters relating to mental health conditions, including PTSD; TBI; sexual assault; or sexual harassment. Special consideration will be given to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) determinations that document a mental health condition, including PTSD; TBI; or sexual assault/harassment potentially contributed to the circumstances resulting in a less than honorable discharge characterization. Special consideration will also be given in cases where a civilian provider confers diagnoses of a mental health condition, including PTSD; TBI; or sexual assault/harassment if the case records contain narratives supporting symptomatology at the time of service or when any other evidence which may reasonably indicate that a mental health condition, including PTSD; TBI; or sexual assault/harassment existed at the time of discharge might have mitigated the misconduct that caused a discharge of lesser characterization. (2) Conditions documented in the service record that can reasonably be determined to have existed at the time of discharge will be considered to have existed at the time of discharge. In cases in which a mental health condition, including PTSD; TBI; or sexual assault/harassment may be reasonably determined to have existed at the time of discharge, those conditions will be considered potential mitigating factors in the misconduct that caused the characterization of service in question. All Boards will exercise caution in weighing evidence of mitigation in cases in which serious misconduct precipitated a discharge with a less than Honorable characterization of service. Potentially mitigating evidence of the existence of undiagnosed combat related PTSD, PTSD-related conditions due to TBI or sexual assault/harassment as causative factors in the misconduct resulting in discharge will be carefully weighed against the severity of the misconduct. PTSD is not a likely cause of premeditated misconduct. Caution shall be exercised in weighing evidence of mitigation in all cases of misconduct by carefully considering the likely causal relationship of symptoms to the misconduct. c. Army Regulation 15-180 (Army Discharge Review Board), dated 25 September 2019, sets forth the policies and procedures under which the Army Discharge Review Board is authorized to review the character, reason, and authority of any Servicemember discharged from active military service within 15 years of the Servicemember's date of discharge. Additionally, it prescribes actions and composition of the Army Discharge Review Board under Public Law 95-126; Section 1553, Title 10 United States Code; and Department of Defense Directive 1332.41 and Instruction 1332.28. d. Army Regulation 635-200 provides the basic authority for the separation of enlisted personnel. (1) Chapter 3, Section II provides the authorized types of characterization of service or description of separation. (2) Paragraph 3-7a states an Honorable discharge is a separation with honor and is appropriate when the quality of the Soldier's service generally has met the standards of acceptable conduct and performance of duty for Army personnel or is otherwise so meritorious that any other characterization would be clearly inappropriate. (3) Paragraph 3-7b states a General discharge is a separation from the Army under honorable conditions and is issued to a Soldier whose military record is satisfactory but not sufficiently meritorious to warrant an honorable discharge. (4) Chapter 14 establishes policy and prescribes procedures for separating members for misconduct. Specific categories include minor disciplinary infractions, a pattern of misconduct, and commission of a serious offense, to include abuse of illegal drugs, convictions by civil authorities and desertion or being absent without leave. Action will be taken to separate a member for misconduct when it is clearly established that rehabilitation is impractical or unlikely to succeed. (5) Paragraph 14-3 prescribes a discharge under other than honorable conditions is normally appropriate for a Soldier discharged under this chapter. However, the separation authority may direct a general discharge if such is merited by the Soldier's overall record. (6) Paragraph 14-12c, states a Soldier is subject to action per this section for commission of a serious military or civilian offense, if the specific circumstances of the offense warrant separation and a punitive discharge is, or would be, authorized for the same or a closely related offense under the Manual for Courts-Martial. 8. SUMMARY OF FACT(S): The Army Discharge Review Board considers applications for upgrade as instructed by Department of Defense Instruction 1332.28. The applicant's Army Military Human Resource Record (AMHRR) of service, the issues and documents submitted with the application were carefully reviewed. The applicant requests an upgrade to honorable. The applicant contends a past indiscretion was used to pursue a discharge. The command was informed about the applicant issues but was overlooked due to deployment. The record does not contain any indication or evidence of arbitrary or capricious actions by the command and all requirements of law and regulation were met and the rights of the applicant were fully protected throughout the separation process. The applicant contends there was honorable service. The applicant's service accomplishments and the quality of the service prior to the incidents that caused the initiation of discharge proceeding were carefully considered. 9. BOARD DISCUSSION AND DETERMINATION: a. As directed by the 2017 memo signed by A.M. Kurta, the board considered the following factors: (1) Did the applicant have a condition or experience that may excuse or mitigate the discharge? Yes. The Board's Medical Advisor, a voting member, reviewed the applicant's DOD and VA health records, applicant's statement, and/or civilian provider documentation and found the following diagnoses or experiences which can, under certain circumstances, potentially mitigate or excuse misconduct leading to separation: Depression, PTSD. (2) Did the condition exist or experience occur during military service? Yes. The Board's Medical Advisor found the applicant was diagnosed with Depression and PTSD while in the service. (3) Does the condition or experience actually excuse or mitigate the discharge? Yes. The Board's Medical Advisor applied liberal consideration and opined that the applicant has a BH condition, PTSD, which mitigates the misconduct. As there is an association between PTSD and the use of alcohol to self-medicate symptoms, there is a nexus between applicant's diagnosis of PTSD and the applicant's discharging offense of DWI. (4) Does the condition or experience outweigh the discharge? Yes. The Board concurred with the opinion of the Board's Medical Advisor, a voting member. As a result, the ADRB applied liberal consideration and found that the applicant's PTSD completely outweighed the listed basis for separation, DWI. b. Response to Contention(s): (1) The applicant contends a past indiscretion was used to pursue a discharge. The Board considered this contention during proceedings, but ultimately did not address the contention due to an upgrade being granted based on the applicant's PTSD fully outweighing the applicant's DWI bases for separation. (2) The applicant contends there was honorable service. The Board considered this contention during proceedings, but ultimately did not address the contention due to an upgrade being granted based on the applicant's PTSD fully outweighing the applicant's DWI bases for separation. c. The Board determined the discharge is inequitable based on the applicant's PTSD outweighing the applicant's unaggravated DWI. d. Rationale for Decision: (1) The Board voted to change the applicant's characterization of service to Honorable because the applicant's PTSD outweighing the unaggravated DWI. Thus, the prior characterization is no longer appropriate. (2) The Board voted to change the reason for discharge to Misconduct (Minor Infractions) under the same pretexts, thus the reason for discharge is no longer appropriate. The SPD code associated with the new reason for discharge is JKN. (3) The RE code will not change, as the current code is consistent with the procedural and substantive requirements of the regulation. 10. BOARD ACTION DIRECTED: a. Issue a New DD-214: Yes b. Change Characterization to: Honorable c. Change Reason / SPD Code to: Misconduct (Minor Infractions)/JKN d. Change RE Code to: No Change e. Change Authority to: AR 635-200, paragraph 14-12a Authenticating Official: Legend: AWOL - Absent Without Leave AMHRR - Army Military Human Resource Record BCD - Bad Conduct Discharge BH - Behavioral Health CG - Company Grade Article 15 CID - Criminal Investigation Division ELS - Entry Level Status FG - Field Grade Article 15 GD - General Discharge HS - High School HD - Honorable Discharge IADT - Initial Active Duty Training MP - Military Police MST - Military Sexual Trauma N/A - Not applicable NCO - Noncommissioned Officer NIF - Not in File NOS - Not Otherwise Specified OAD - Ordered to Active Duty OBH (I) - Other Behavioral Health (Issues) OMPF - Official Military Personnel File PTSD - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder RE - Re-entry SCM - Summary Court Martial SPCM - Special Court Martial SPD - Separation Program Designator TBI - Traumatic Brain Injury UNC - Uncharacterized Discharge UOTHC - Under Other Than Honorable Conditions VA - Department of Veterans Affairs ARMY DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD CASE REPORT AND DIRECTIVE AR20190014010 1